Wednesday, February 29, 2012

Primate!..


Lemurs            
Lemurs are small primates known as "prosimians," which, roughly translated, means "pre-primates" or "before monkeys." Native only to the island of Madagascar and the neighboring Comoro Islands, lemurs resemble the oldest ancestors of primates which existed tens of millions of years ago
Physical Traits
Lemurs all have relatively long and slender limbs, a longer muzzle than later primates do, and a slightly smaller brain. They all have a dental ‘comb’ comprised of the lower incisors, which they use for grooming. Lemurs use scent marking in addition to vocalizations as a means of communication and territorial marking… a behavioral trait rarely found in later evolving primates.
Diet
The diet of a lemur consists mostly of all vegetarian food, common parts of a lemur diet in the wild include fruits, leaves, and other edible plant materials. Insects may also be on the menu, especially for the smaller lemurs. Lemur’s diet depends up on their breed. The small species mainly eat fruits and insects, while the larger species are herbivorous eating only fruit and plant materials.

Spider Monkey
Spider monkeys (of several species) live in the tropical rain forests of Central and South America and occur as far north as Mexico.  The spider monkey is more primitive than old world monkeys. Their brains are less complex, their thumbs are not opposable and their nostrils are further apart. They have slender bodies and limbs with long narrow hands.
Physical Traits
They have long, lanky arms and prehensile (gripping) tails that enable them to move gracefully from branch to branch and tree to tree. These nimble monkeys spend most of their time aloft, and maintain a powerful grip on branches even though they have no thumbs.
Diet
Spider monkeys are primarily omnivorous find food in the treetops and feast on seeds, nuts, fruits (they eat the inside of fruits, and prefer them ripe), leaves, bird eggs, and spiders. They can be noisy animals and often communicate with many calls, screeches, barks, and other sounds.
Baboon
There are five different species of baboons. All of them live in Africa or Arabia. Baboons are some of the world's largest monkeys, and males of different species average from 33 to 82 pounds (15 to 37 kilograms). Baboons generally prefer savanna and other semi-arid habitats, though a few live in tropical forest. Baboons are very social in nature, applying facial expressions, hand gestures, and a wide range of different vocal sounds from low-sounding grunts to high-pitched screeches when communicating. Baboons are also very adaptable to change and are able to interact with humans very well
Physical traits
They are two most common baboons that can be found in East Africa; the olive baboon and the yellow baboon. The Olive baboon is larger and darker and is found in Uganda, west and central Kenya and northern Tanzania. The Yellow baboon is smaller, more slender and lighter in color, and inhabits the southern and coastal parts of Kenya and Tanzania. Both types are "dog faced," but the Yellow baboon's nose curls up more than the olive's. In fact, along with the muzzle, the animal's tail (38–58 cm) and four-legged gait can make baboons seem very canine. The tail almost looks as if it is broken, as it is held upright over the rump for the first quarter, after which it drops sharply.
Diet
Baboons are opportunistic eaters and, fond of crops, become destructive pests to many African farmers. They eat fruits, grasses, seeds, bark, and roots, but also have a taste for meat. They eat birds, rodents, and even the young of larger mammals, such as antelopes and sheep.
Gibbon
Gibbons are rare, small, slender, long-armed, tree-dwelling apes. These very acrobatic primates live in Southeast Asia. Gibbons are arboreal; they spend most of their lives in trees. Because they are so dextrous while moving in the trees, almost no predators can catch them. These arboreal primates are found in the forests of Southeast Asia and Sumatra, from lower Burma south through the Malay Peninsula and east throughout Thailand.
Physical traits
 They exhibit many of the general characteristics of primates: flat faces, stereoscopic vision, enlarged brain size, grasping hands and feet, and opposable digits; and many specific characteristics of apes: broad chest, full shoulder rotation, no tail, and arms longer than legs, but they are relatively small, slender, and agile. They have fluffy, dense hair. Gibbon has very long arms, which they use in a spectacular arm-swinging locomotion called brachiation. Their hands and fingers are also very long. The relatively short thumb is set well down on the palm, and their fingers form a hook, which is used during brachiation. Gibbons have very good bipedal locomotion, which they use on stable surfaces too large to grasp. When walking biped ally, arms are held up to keep from dragging and to assist with balance. Gibbons are sometimes observed putting their weight on their hands and swinging their legs through as if using crutches. Gibbons do not build nests like the great apes. They sleep sitting up with their arms wrapped around their knees and their head tucked into their lap.
Diet
Gibbons are omnivores (eating plants and meat). They forage for food in the forests during the day, eating fruit (which constitutes about 75% of their diet), leaves, flowers, seeds, tree bark, and tender plant shoots. They also eat insects, spiders, bird eggs, and small birds. Gibbons drink water, often by dipping a furry hand into the water or rubbing a hand on wet leaves, and then slurping up the water from their fur. Gibbons sometimes do this while dangling above the water from a thin tree branch.
Chimpanzees
Wild chimpanzees have demonstrated the most extensive tool manufacture and use of all the great apes, except for humans.
Physical Traits
Infant chimpanzees have light faces and a white tuft of hair on their behinds to signal their special status as a youngster adult male chimpanzees are moderately larger than adult females (contrast with the extreme size difference between adult male and female gorillas and orangutans.
Diet
Chimpanzees have the most varied diet of all great apes in the wild. Chimpanzee diets are composed mainly of ripe fruits but vary according to the time of the year and abundance of specific food items. They will spend many hours a day eating about 20 different species of plants and up to about 300 different species during a one year period.  They do not store food and will eat it at the place they find it.  They also enjoy eating young leaves particularly in the afternoon. In long dry seasons when fruit is scarce, tree seeds, flowers, soft pith, galls, resin and bark become an important part of their diet. They also eat many different types of insects; some chimpanzees regularly hunt and eat meat, such as the red colobus monkey.





After all these research I found that that gibbon, like the gorilla, chimpanzee and orangutan, are ape, not monkeys.  The chief characteristics distinguishing apes from monkeys are the absence of a tail, their more or less upright posture and the high development of their brain. Primates share characteristics—such as five-fingered hands with opposing thumbs, forward-facing eyes, and color vision—but they do vary greatly, especially from prosimian to monkey to ape. The environment plays an important fact in their behavior as well as their diet. Great Apes are thinking, self-aware, intelligent beings.

6 comments:

  1. Great descriptions on all five primates and their diets. I'm just missing the connection between their diet and their environment. How does a primate's environment influence what they eat on a daily basis? You mention this briefly in your summary but don't back up the statement.

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    1. Most primates do not shape their environment in an adaptive way. They use it as it is without modification. The sleeping nests of the great apes are poor, roofless constructions created for only one night. Monkeys simply sleep on convenient tree branches without making nests. No primate other than humans is known to store food. They have a hand-to-mouth economy which forces everyone to seek food and water daily. However, adult male chimpanzees and adult bonobos of both genders cooperate with others in their community in hunting monkeys and other small game. While they do not store the meat, they do use it for social gain by sharing it; gorillas, common chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, and capuchin monkeys are known for use very simple tools to help in acquiring food and water. They use similar modified sticks to obtain honey from beehives in tree trunks and from up to a meter underground in subterranean hives. Twigs are also used by them at times as toothpicks. Crinkled leaves are employed as sponges to get water from hollows in trees for drinking. Rocks and broken tree branches are used to crack nuts and sometimes to throw at other chimpanzees in order to intimidate them. Rocks are used at times as projectiles in hunting bush pigs and other small game. However, chimpanzee coordination in throwing is very poor, so rocks and pieces of wood are inefficient weapons for them. They are not genetically inherited patterns of behavior, as a result, different communities invent different tools.

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    2. Good. Thank you for the response, Marissela.

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  2. Good Description of the chosen animals. It is interesting to see animals adopt their diet only from the surrounding environment. Unlike animals, humans can import their food from all over the world especially in U.S.A because of the people’s diversity.

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  3. Great post. It seems as if the smaller primates, such as Lemurs and Spider Monkeys, who are tree-dwellers, are on vegetarian diets and the bigger primates switch it up quite a bit with what they consume. I find it very disturbing that the Chimpanzees eat other monkeys though! I would have never have known that.

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  4. I really like your post. I would have never thought that chimpanzees eat other monkeys, i didn't see that anywhere in my research. Diets are really interesting since they adapt to their environment so does their diets. That would be hard to have to adapt to anything else but what i want when i want it

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